The story of the Colombo Medical
School
I prepared
this presentation for the second annual CoMSAA get together at Wadduwa, Sri
Lanka. Unfortunately with the limited time available I could not do the full
presentation. The following is my attempt to recreate that lecture.
Part 1 -Early days .
Timeline
1839 – Selected students from Ceylon were sent by the British Authorities to the Calcutta Medical College to get trained and graduate in Medicine there.
1870 - Medical
School was inaugurated in Colombo – 3 teachers and 25 students. It was located at the General Hospital Colombo.
1880 – The Medical School was elevated to the status of 'Medical College'
1887 – LMS - Licentiate of Medical Sciences - granted by the Colombo Medical College was made register able in the General Medical Council of the United Kingdom.
1913 – Anatomy Block was completed and opened and remains standing to this day.
1921 – Ceylon University College was opened at Reid Avenue, Colombo.
1942 – The Medical College was became the Faculty of Medicine of the University of Ceylon. MBBS - Bachelor of Medicine Bachelor of Surgery was the degree granted by the University of Ceylon to the medical graduates.
1500 odd students at present.
‘Praise
not any man till he is dead’ said the ancients’.
‘Envy not
any man till you hear the mourners’.
Robert
Louis Stevenson
in Tales of the South Sea Islands.
Mudaliyar Samson Rajapakse - 1875
Gifted the land of the present site.
Johannes Jacobus (James) Loos. M. D. of
St. Andrew's University in 1866, was
Member of the Royal College of
Physicians of Edinburgh.
In 1867, he was appointed Colonial
Surgeon, Civil
Medical Department, Ceylon. Appointed
first Principal of the
Ceylon Medical College in 1870.
Dr. J L Vanderstraaten Md (St.
Andrews), MRCP Lond., LSA
Lond., LECS, LM Edin.,Fellow of
the Chemical, Medical and
Obstetric Societies, London
succeeded Dr. Koch as Principal in 1877.
He edited the 'Ceylon Medic-Chirurgical
Journal' 1865 - 1867.
Dr.Kynsey – 1875 - 1897
First female medical students
The above photos are from the book "Dr. Alice de Boer and some pioneer Burgher women doctors' by Deloraine Brohier
Dr.SC Paul Surgeon
in Tales of the South Sea Islands.
In the 1860s the Colonial Surgeon, Dr.James Loos recommended
that medical facilities should be available throughout the Island
and to this end a medical school should be opened. The Colombo
Medical School was thus opened by the then Governor Sir
Hercule Robinson. Dr.James Loos was appointed its first principal.
that medical facilities should be available throughout the Island
and to this end a medical school should be opened. The Colombo
Medical School was thus opened by the then Governor Sir
Hercule Robinson. Dr.James Loos was appointed its first principal.
Mudaliyar Samson Rajapakse - 1875
Gifted the land of the present site.
Mudaliyar Samson Rajapakse. |
Sir Charles Henry de Soysa, Muhandiram
A.Simon Fernando Wijegooneratne and
Mudaliyar Vimala Gunawardana donated the
buildings.
A.Simon Fernando Wijegooneratne and
Mudaliyar Vimala Gunawardana donated the
buildings.
These buildings are
no more and the Anatomy
block, built in 1913, is the oldest building
now.
block, built in 1913, is the oldest building
now.
Sir Charles Henry De Soysa
Sir Charles Henry de Soysa built and donated
the De Soysa Lying-In-Home, and his uncle
Mudaliyar Susew de Soysa built and donated the
‘Medical Museum’ attached to the Medical
College. These two institutions were declared
open by the Governor Sir Robert Longdon on
December 9, 1879.
Dr. James Loos – Was appointed the First
Principal of the Colombo Medical School in
1870.
Sir Charles Henry de Soysa built and donated
the De Soysa Lying-In-Home, and his uncle
Mudaliyar Susew de Soysa built and donated the
‘Medical Museum’ attached to the Medical
College. These two institutions were declared
open by the Governor Sir Robert Longdon on
December 9, 1879.
Dr. James Loos – Was appointed the First
Principal of the Colombo Medical School in
1870.
Johannes Jacobus (James) Loos. M. D. of
St. Andrew's University in 1866, was
Member of the Royal College of
Physicians of Edinburgh.
In 1867, he was appointed Colonial
Surgeon, Civil
Medical Department, Ceylon. Appointed
first Principal of the
Ceylon Medical College in 1870.
Promoted as Principal Civil Medical
Officer, 1881—1882.
Officer, 1881—1882.
He died 4th May 1904.
Excerpt from a letter
from Dr. Loos to Dr. Green.
Dr. Samuel Fisk Green working
as an American Medical Missionary at Manipay, Jaffna,
trained as doctors – Danforth, Waithilingam,
Hitchcock, Mills, Paul, just to
mention a few of the 115 that graduated between 1848 and 1879, from the
Hospital at Manipay, Jaffna.
Dr.
James Loos, wrote
in 1873 to Dr. Green,
“ …the work we are carrying on ( in
Colombo ) – a work in which we are humbly imitating you. Medical education in
Ceylon is deeply indebted to you and your predecessors”.
The
founder of the family in Ceylon was his great
grandfather, Godfried Koch of Brandenberg, who came to the East
in
1755.
Edwin
was born on 29 November 1838, the son of
Johann Godfried Koch (Lawyer)and Angenita Dorothea Aldons, at
Jaffna,
Ceylon (now Sri Lanka).
He
had his early education at
Jaffna, and must have spent
many
a dreamy afternoon among the beautiful, sturdy ramparts
of
the old Dutch Fort where his grandfather had served as a
Lieutenant
(Artillery) Johann Godfried Koch in the VOC .
At
the age of twenty he won a
government scholarship which
enabled
him to enter the Medical College at Calcutta. There he
further
distinguished himself. Besides other prizes he won in 1862
a
Gold Medal and the prize for General Proficiency.
At
Calcutta he met and afterwards married
Miss Emma Millar.
He
began his professional career in Ceylon as a Government
doctor
on
the 25th July 1862.
‘As
a writer he was of the highest order’.
‘He
published information about the Medical
history of Ceylon’.
Dr.
Koch was one of the three lecturers - Drs. Andree
and Vanderstraaten being the other two.
In
1875 he succeeded Dr. Loos as the Principal of the Medical
School which post he held till his tragic and
untimely death two
years
later.
The late Dr. J. L. Vanderstraaten,
also famous in his time, described him as
"a bold surgeon, a successful physician and an expert
obstetrician."
The
year 1877 will always be remembered
as the saddest in the
history
of the Ceylon Medical College.
On
November 9th, of that year Dr. J. C. Evarts, demonstrator in
Anatomy,
and a brilliant and promising young doctor, received
a
wound
while assisting Dr. Koch, Surgeon
of the General Hospital.
In
spite of Dr. Koch's skillful medical attention, the young
doctor died on November 17th from the effects
of blood poisoning.
Within
less than a month of the death of Dr.Evarts, Dr. Koch
himself
was
similarly
infected from the result of a slight scratch sustained in the
course
of a post mortem
All
the best doctors in the island hurried to his bedside, including
Dr.
Pieter, Daniel Anthonisz of Galle, and the Head of the Medical
Department, Dr. Kynsey. But even their combined
efforts were of
no
avail.
He
died within a week of getting the injury on
December 20th,
1877
when he was only 39 years old, two years after his
appointment
as Principal .
"
His short life was full of good deeds,…, he
served the poor with
Special generosity and
devotion, and was widely known
and love
as
their benefactor
and friend’.
The
grateful fishermen of Mutwal paid a striking tribute to his
memory
at his funeral,
by spreading white cloth all
along the route
from
his home to the cemetery gate
His
son, Dr. Vincent Koch, was given a medical education in Great
Britain
with subscriptions offered by a grateful public.
The
following stanzas are from
a poem written in his honor on behalf of the Freemasons of India:
Wail,
Lanka's sons. We grieve to-day, For him whom Death has snatched away ;
Whose
skill oft bade the tyrant stay , Successfully.
Yet
not for him we grieve, for all
Before
that awful scythe must fall
The
loss is ours ; who heard the call resignedly,
We
mourn the heart that soothed our grief;
The
kindly hand that brought relief;
The
voice, whose music, all too brief, fell soothingly.
We
mourn the MAN, whose honest brow,
Still
looking skyward, taught us how
To
live, to work, to trust, to bow—The end to see.
We miss the skillful master-mind}Who
taught us how to serve our kind;
Feet
to the lame, eyes to the blind,
Continually.
Peace
to his ashes ! There lies one
Whose
useful life, though scarce begun,
Has
soared that highest need, " Well done !
More
blest than we.
‘Through
Dr. J. L. Vanderstraaten's efforts… a clock tower was
erected
to his memory in the grounds of the Medical College by
public
subscription amounting to Rs 3,000, and Sir James Longden,
the
Governor at the time, induced the Legislative Council to donate
the
handsome clock at a cost of Rs 5,000.’.
‘As
a centenary effort … a suitably
inscribed marble tablet in order
to
make the monument better known to the present generation to
whom his high ideals and noble life should
serve as a good
example’.
The Koch memorial clock tower at Kynsey road. |
Dr. J L Vanderstraaten Md (St.
Andrews), MRCP Lond., LSA
Lond., LECS, LM Edin.,Fellow of
the Chemical, Medical and
Obstetric Societies, London
succeeded Dr. Koch as Principal in 1877.
He edited the 'Ceylon Medic-Chirurgical
Journal' 1865 - 1867.
Dr.Kynsey – 1875 - 1897
1. The Surgeon-Captain in the
Army Medical Department and Principal Medical Officer.
2. Dr. William R. Kynsey, who was
to become Sir William later, "persuaded" 15 doctors to meet on February 26, 1887
at the Colonial Medical Library on Maradana Road.
3. He later became
the Chief
Superintendent of Police and a member of the Legislative Council.
4. His name adorns a road (Kynsey Road) off which
still lies the medical hub of Colombo, the National Hospital, the De Soysa Hospital
for Women, the Cardiology Institute and the Medical Faculty.
First female medical students
Ceylon
Examiner May 2nd 1892-
“The medical College opens its summer sessions today. Two
young ladies Misses Keyt and Davidson – will be admitted as students for the first time in the
history of the College’.
Ceylon
Administrative Reports 1891 A 15.
‘In anticipation of the admission of female medical
students’ the Government authorized ‘a separate Dissecting Room for females and separate tutors
and a reading room’
Veronica Weerasekara & Rachel Christoffelsz, were female medicos
in later years. Veronica’s reminiscences:-
Dr.Chalmers –
Registrar.
Teachers – Dr.S.C. Paul, Dr.Frank Grenier, Dr.Sinnathamby, Dr.Garvin and Dr.H.M. Fernando.
Seniors lined up
& whistled.
Pranks – Cutting the afternoon
lecture and going by train to the ‘Pagoda’ restaurant. (The 'Pagoda' was still in existence in the 1960s)
Occasional boat ride in the harbor
during lecture time - this was in the time of the old jetty opposite the Grand Oriental Hotel.
Teasing and comments by the male medicos:-
'Veronica
sweet as the morning air,
Do not leave me in despair’.
‘Rachel Chris dear charming Miss,
Your lips to kiss it’l be a bliss’
Lady Havelock Hospital
- 1911
Dr.Rachel Christofelz and her car in 1924-1926 |
Dr.SC Paul Surgeon
Paul
was born on 28 February 1868. He was the son
of Dr
William Thillayampalam Paul, a physician and leading resident
He
was educated at Jaffna Central
College, Wesley
College,
He
later passed his First in Arts Examination from Presidency
He
then went on to study medicine at Madras Medical
Later
he went to King's
College London from where he obtained
the FRCS qualification
in 1901.
He
was the first Ceylonese to gain
the FRCS qualification.
Dr.Paul returned to Ceylon after obtaining his
medical
qualifications
in the UK.
He
was appointed a lecturer in anatomy in
1902.
In
1905 he became a pathologist.
In
1908 he was appointed a surgeon.
Dr.Paul's reputation grew and he was appointed
senior surgeon at
the
General Hospital, Colombo,
a position he held until his
retirement.
Dr.Paul was president
of Ceylon Medical Association, president of
the Royal Asiatic Society and chairman of the Ceylon Planters'
Association. He
was also a member of the Ceylon Medical
Corps which
he commanded between 1923 and 1927 as
Dr.Paul and Justin Kotalawela founded
the Ceylon
Insurance
Company. He
and the De Vos family founded Colonial Motors.
Paul
died in 1942 aged 74.
The
Sri Lanka Medical Association has honored Paul by naming
one
of its annual orations after
him.
Stories about Dr. SC Paul
Dr.Paul
would be assisted to his horse's saddle by
'Muthu’ the scyce,
at Dr.Paul's mansion at Ward Place. 'Muthu'
would
run behind the horse and help Dr.Paul to dismount at the
General
Hospital. Dr.Paul would do his operations, ward rounds
and
clinics and return home at 2pm. He did not do an evening ward
round
as a routine. Dr.Sandrasagara had assumed duties as the
Medical
Officer in Charge of the GH Colombo. He came to know
that
Dr.Paul was not doing his evening rounds. One morning when
Dr.
Paul alighted from his horse and entered the portico of the GH
Colombo.
The following conversation took place.
'Dr.Paul,
could I have a word with you'.
"As
long as it is a word it is alright'
'Is
it true that you do not do a regular evening ward round?'
'That is true. If you want you can do my evening ward round'.
With that parting shot Dr.Paul went to do his surgery.
Dr. Sandrasagara appealed to his superiors to take
disciplinary action against Dr.Paul. None of them
wanted to do it and advised Dr.Sandrasagara to be
more careful in dealing with Dr.Paul who was his senior
in years.
His
son, Milroy became the Professor
of Surgery and the other son
ATS
Paul was Thoracic Surgeon at the GH Colombo.
His
grand-sons Mr. Rudra Rasaratnam was Thoracic Surgeon at the
NHSL,
and Dr.Paul (son of ATS
Paul) Surgeon in the
UK. Dr.Paul (son
of Prof. Milroy Paul) is a surgeon in Australia.
Dr.Lucian De Zylva
Obstetrician
at the GH Colombo.
He
gave the inaugural address for the 1960 entrants.
Lived
in retirement in Kandy.
Author
of ‘Interludes’.
At
St. Thomas' he began his brilliant career which
in many ways was unique.
1.
Obtained the degree of B.Sc,
winning the Gold Medal in
Physiology, being the only person with First Class Honors. He belonged to a
golden age characterized by men who were steeped
in the classics and humanities and
took to science and medicine.
2.
He was a pupil of Schaefer and
Starling and established his
reputation early in life.
3.
Published in the Journal of Physiology articles on "Some Contributions to the
Physiology of unstrained muscle" (1901)'
and "The composition of
Pancreatic Juice” (1904).
4.
He also published several learned articles in the Journal of the Ceylon branch
of the British Medical Association.
The Minister of Health referred to was Prof. MVP Peiris and the Dean was Prof OER Abheyaratne.
Renovated present‘Tintagel’- House built by Dr. Lucian de Zylva
.
Arthurian
Myth Tintagel
In Geoffrey of Monmouth's Historia Regum Britanniae (c. 1136), Gorlois Duke of Cornwall puts his wife Igraine in Tintagol while he's at war (posuit eam in oppido Tintagol in littore maris: "he put her in the oppidum Tintagol on the shore of the sea"). Merlin disguised Uther Pendragon as Gorlois so that Uther could enter Tintagol and know Igraine, who thought him her husband.
Thus Uther fathered King Arthur on her.
Tintagel
is also used as a locus for the Arthurian mythos by the poet Alfred, Lord Tennyson in the poem Idylls of the King.
Completed
in 1930, 'Tintagel' was intended as a residence for Dr.Lucian De Zylva. In the
mid 1940s Dr.De Zylva was given a week to vacate the property by the British
Military to house one hundred soldiers. The military occupation saw the house
wrecked and De Zylva sold 'Tintagel' to Sir Solomon Dias Bandaranaike for his
son, Solomon West Ridgeway. It is from this time that the house gained
recognition as a structure of national importance.
Renamed 'Rosemead Place'
Mr.
SWRD Bandaranaike
became
the Prime Minister while living in this house.
Residence
of Mr.SWRD Bandaranaike the first Prime-Minister
from the SLFP in 1956.
Mr.SWRD Bandaranaike was shot by a Buddhist priest in this
house.
Became
the residence of Mrs. Sirimavo Bandaranaike the first female PM.
Became
the residence of Mrs. Chandrika Kumaratunge, President of Sri Lanka.
At
present it is called ‘PARADISE ROAD TINTAGEL’ COLOMBO and has 10
air-conditioned guest rooms.
Parts
of ‘The Inaugural address’ -1960 – at the KG Hall by Dr.Lucian De Zylva.
"After
two years in St. Antony's
Monastery, Kandy, I came to Colombo, and entered St. Thomas' College on the eve of my fourteenth
birthday…My father was very poor, and could not possibly have paid the Royal
College fees. I took the line of least resistance and remained where I
was."
“ Why should we go up to knowledge when
knowledge comes down to us?”This is Newman’s answer:“If we wish to become exact and fully furnished in any branch of knowledge which is
diversified and complicated we
must consult the living man and listen to the living voice”
“London
University was for many years a degree factory. It had no knowledge or
control of the lives of the candidates who were fed on cram books and correspondence courses,
written with an eye to probable questions with no idea of culture. But after
prolonged agitation London had a Teaching
University when I entered it, with numerous colleges, hospitals and
engineering establishments under its control and musical, literary, debating,
philosophical and athletic unions”.
“
I remember Mr.Augustine Birrel in a stirring address at University
College declaring that it was not
the function of a University to bespatter its students with the letters of the
alphabet”.
Dr.Bowden of Manchester in a similar vein
declared “A modern University has not only to teach but to learn. When it has
imparted the knowledge written in books its work is not done. It has to train the student to explore
the unknown and to add to that knowledge”
“The
functions of a university, however, are not limited to the imparting of
knowledge, and to training the students to harvest new knowledge. Man doth not live by knowledge alone. The concourse of men and women of
different races, and of different social strata, may at first impact, be
somewhat unpleasant: but, as time passes, with
better knowledge come mutual understanding and tolerance which maybe the
prelude to friendship".
“A
university, like a public school, has a tone inspired
by the genius loci and inspired by tradition. This tone becomes assimilated by
the student to become part of his nature, and he feels it in his marrow that certain things simply are not
done. It is an instinctive and
inviolable code of conduct, which
transforms into gentleman, those who might have become cads”
Dr.Spittell’s introduction to a book authored by Dr.
Lucian De Zylva.
Medical students 1905
Returning to Ceylon in 1910 he was appointed as Third Surgeon at the General Hospital Colombo.
Salary as Surgeon GH Colombo was Rs.750/- a month.
Septicemia following injury to a finger while operating. – nearly died.
Subsequently developed a ‘frozen shoulder’.
Going on to be a senior surgeon and a lecturer at the Ceylon Medical College, he retired in 1935, yet worked as a consultant surgeon.
Retired early at 55 years - 1935.
He was awrded the honour of a Commander of the Order of the British Empire in 1942 and a Companion of the Order of St Michael and St George in 1950 for his services for medicine.
He was life long member of the British Medical Association, he was the president of the Ceylon's Branch from 1940 to 1946.
Gave a lecture to our batch of 1960 entrants in 1961, in the then New Anatomy lecture theater which is no more.
He interacted with the Veddhas and was known by them as 'Sudu Hura' - White chief.
The books he wrote :-Novels
Wild White Boy
Wild Ceylon
Savage Sanctuar
Far-off Things
Where the White Sambhur
Roams
Vanished Trails
Brave Island (1966)
Poem collections
Leaves of the Jungle.
Dr. Wijerama Physician, GH Colombo.
The above photo is from the book "Dr. Alice de Boer and some pioneer Burgher women doctors' by Deloraine Brohier
The above photo is from the book "Christine a memoir' by Christine Spittel Wilson.
Trained for surgery
in London – FRCS 1909.Returning to Ceylon in 1910 he was appointed as Third Surgeon at the General Hospital Colombo.
Salary as Surgeon GH Colombo was Rs.750/- a month.
Septicemia following injury to a finger while operating. – nearly died.
Subsequently developed a ‘frozen shoulder’.
Going on to be a senior surgeon and a lecturer at the Ceylon Medical College, he retired in 1935, yet worked as a consultant surgeon.
Retired early at 55 years - 1935.
He was awrded the honour of a Commander of the Order of the British Empire in 1942 and a Companion of the Order of St Michael and St George in 1950 for his services for medicine.
He was life long member of the British Medical Association, he was the president of the Ceylon's Branch from 1940 to 1946.
Gave a lecture to our batch of 1960 entrants in 1961, in the then New Anatomy lecture theater which is no more.
He interacted with the Veddhas and was known by them as 'Sudu Hura' - White chief.
The books he wrote :-Novels
Wild White Boy
Wild Ceylon
Savage Sanctuar
Far-off Things
Where the White Sambhur
Roams
Vanished Trails
Brave Island (1966)
Poem collections
Leaves of the Jungle.
Medical books
A Basis of Surgical
Ward Work
Framboesia Tropica
Essentials of Surgery
Photo of Wycherly, built in a
swampland, completed in 1922.
Photo of Dr.Spittel with his daughter Christine.
The above photos are from the book "Christine a memoir' by Christine Spittel Wilson.
DR. R.L. Spittel had made one of the
most tangible contributions for the
well being of the old and infirm of the community, in
donating the land that houses St. Nikolaas' Home
Physician at the GH Colombo.
Donated his house to the SLMA.
Road named after him while
still
living.
Dr.Wijerama’s former residence, now housing the Sri Lanka Medical Association.
Ceylon College of
Physicians - 1960.