CoMSAA

Saturday, October 5, 2013

Part 4 - The clinical teachers, Some milestones in the history of the Colombo Medical School - Some remarkable Clinical Teachers of the early 1960s. Part 4 The Clinical Teachers.

The Clinical teachers
In the ward classes called the 'Pre-clinicals' in our 2nd MB and in the appointments called 'Clerking' in the later years, where the students spent two months with a Consultant in each major specialty the inputs were remarkable. Each one of these Consultants was a 'character'. What fun we had learning about life and medicine from them. They were some of the ideals we built on. They were quite 'distant' with us as they belonged to a different generation but the dedication and love they had for their work stood out. Hardly any of them were mercenary and they did not have the vulgar habit of flaunting their riches.
I list below a few of the names which stand out and will expand on the experiences we had as students.

The Clinical teachers -The Surgeons.

Dr. Clifford Misso - Consultant Surgeon
Clifford Joseph Ledulx Misso, L.M.S. (Ceylon), Civil Medical
Department, born 14th March 1909, married in St. Mary's Ohurch,
Bambalapitiya, 14th September 1936, Verna Edith May Misso
(vide X X X I I I . 1, supra). He had by her :—

1 Louis Hilarie Ledulx, born 12th September 1937.

I did my first surgical clerking of two months with Dr. Misso. He was soft spoken and mild mannered. He would arrive in a white satin drill suit and a sober tie. There was no drama of his entry into his ward. On our clerking groups first post casualty rounds he stopped next to a patient with a fractured patella. He asked the medical students ‘What is the problem with this patient?’ I was the first to answer and said ‘He has a fractured patella’. His next question was ‘How did you diagnose it?’ With the rash foolishness of youth I replied ‘I can see it on the Xray’. The next comment that Dr. Misso made ‘Very clever’ made me hide my head in shame. My answer should have given the history of the accident and the subsequent series of inspection, palpation and specific tests in that order before coming to the Xray. That was his gentle way of teaching.

His surgical technique was meticulous. The morbidity and mortality in his ward was minimal.

At the end of his days work he would be tie-less and he would carry the folded coat over the back of one shoulder grabbing the collar of his coat by one hand. He would wend his way to the parking lot where his ‘Jubilee Hillman Minx’ would be parked.

I have seen this car parked often near the Maradana railway bridge. I later came to know that one of his hobbies was identifying the make and model of railway engines.

Photos of steam engines taken by Dr.CJL Misso

He lived in retirement in Australia and died in 2013 aged over ninety years.

Dr. P.R. Anthonis - Consultant Surgeon
'Romiel was born in Bambalapitiya in 1911, the second child of a family of sixteen children. His father, Margris Anthonis Appuhamy (baptised as Michael, although never following the Christian faith), was a carpenter who, after the birth of his third child found employment at the carpentry workshop at Brown’s, later rising to be the supervisor for the handsome salary of fifty cents per day. His mother, Egelthina Perera, was from Kotikawatte, and was the daughter of a well known Ayurvedic physician, popularly known as Juse Vedamahattaya.' - http://www.infolanka.com/org/srilanka/people/76.htm

Dr. P.R.Anthonis LMS 1936, FRCS 1947, recalls the 1930s, “ I became a medical student in 1930, undergoing the ‘rag’ upstairs at the Mahamodiya Hotel in Pettah in the usual manner in the usual garb, with the usual discomfiture. Alcohol was forced down me by ‘senior’ Gerry Muller”.

He continues, “For old people, fracture femur often meant death, death from pneumonia and pressure sores. Plenty of splints and slings were used on fracture patients. In the Convalescence Hospital at Ragama, I was the first honorary House Officer, with one Apothecary to assist.. Most of the wards had galvanized ‘takarang’ roofs. One ward was reserved for orthopaedic patients under treatment from Colombo. In Colombo many wards down Regent St. were for private patients and only the chief surgeon had the right to private surgical patients there. Generals surgeons tackled all problems.” His salary was Rs. 250/ per month. (A teacher would receive about Rs.30/ at the time)

Two physiotherapists served the whole hospital.

All nursing care was by European sisters under a mother superior until the 1950s.

The O.T. ‘D’ was the major operating theatre with the new theatre complex A, B, C, commissioned from the late forties.

From - History Sri Lanka Orthopaedic Association by Dr. JKS Weerasekara, Orthopaedic Surgeon -http://srilankaoa.m.webs.com/site/mobile?dm_path=%2Fhistory.htm&fw_sig_premium=0&fw_sig_permission_level=0&fw_sig_social=1&fw_sig_url=http://srilankaoa.webs.com/&fw_sig_is_admin=0&fw_sig_permissions=none&fw_sig_api_key=522b0eedffc137c934fc7268582d53a1&fw_sig_access_token=9d5fe0d7466254c7cdd497c79a17570c0db5c3ae&fw_sig_time=1381073361003&fw_sig_session_key=e3fefc617bb54134add039324e851e6279b18ef34c4efdbba5bfe2c418f8ee9d-62248066&fw_sig=6974edfb21d73742a9bd3d8eee35b869&fw_sig_tier=0&fw_sig_site=62248066&fb_sig_network=fw#0301

'Antho' as he was known by generations of medical students was a household word for prowess in surgery in Sri Lanka from the 1950s till his death in 2012.
He had been a medical officer attached to the Government Hospital, Avissawella. He had operated successfully on a young female patient for appendicitis He was subsequently invited for dinner by the wealthy father of the patient to their mansion at Kithulgala, a few miles off from Avissawella. The younger sister of the patient - Ruby - caught the eye of the young 'Antho'. They were subsequently married at a gala wedding. 'The bridegroom made his entrance to the ceremony riding an elephant. The entire 'Siv-paa balaya' (the four modes of carriage) was present at the sumptuous reception' - this was related by a very old resident from Kithulgala.

http://www.infolanka.com/org/srilanka/people/76.htm

http://www.nation.lk/2006/10/29/eyefea3.htm

http://sundaytimes.lk/050424/plus/1.html

http://www.island.lk/2010/01/03/features9.html

Dr. Noel Bartholomews - Consultant Surgeon

Dr.Bartholomews was DMA at Avissawella Hospital in the 1940s (War years). He had become very friendly with a gentleman farmer of the area by the name Sadiris Appuhamy. Sediris had a son and two daughters. The son Somasiri is resident now at Avissaweela. Somasiri worked in the Municipality here he is now retired) and told me the following stories.

Sadiris had become very attached to Dr.Bartholomews and his wife. He used to take rice pounded from paddy from his first harvest to Dr. Bartholomews. When Dr Bartholomews went on transfer to Badulla, Sadiris had collected the best fruits of the season like Rambuttan, Mangoostein, Mangoes etc by train to Badulla. The Kelani Valley narrow gauge train transported the fruits as parcel to Colombo Fort and from there it went by the Badulla train to be collected by Dr.Bartholomews at Badulla. Below is a Photostat copy of a letter sent by Nora Bartholomews to Sadiris.

Travelling from one province to another apparently needed a permit from the authorities during war time. That explains the last part of the letter and shows how ‘Batho’ was prepared to stick his neck out for Sadiris.

In later years after Dr.Bartholomews went to the UK and came back with his FRCS, he was posted Surgeon at the GH Colombo. Sadiris used to visit ‘Batho’. Batho would take Sadiris round his garden and get advice on horticulture from Sadiris. Sadiris had received an earlier model of a Singer sewing machine which worked without a shuttle, as a present from Batho. He had also gifted Sadiris a ‘Rudge’ bicycle which the proud Sadiris road all the way from Colombo to Avissawella.

At one point ‘Batho’ had asked sadiris whether he would be willing to give his son Somasiri for adoption by him. Since Somasiri was Sadiris’s only son the latter had politely declined the offer. Somasiri told me jokingly that if he had been adopted by ‘Batho’ that he would have been the owner of the house now occupied by the College of Surgeons.

Later when Somasiri applied for jobs ‘ Batho’ had given him letters of recommendation.

I came across an old lady who showed me a mastectomy scar for a Ca Breast done by ‘Batho’ long ago. She described to me how ‘Batho’ had done the clinical examination on her prior to the surgery. It was a classic text-book description of how to examine a breast.

Dr. Burhan told me how ‘Batho’ presented an Abdomino-Perineal resection in a youngish female. At the end of the presentation he showed a biopsy report of the specimen which identified the pathology as Chrohn’s disease. Such was the integrity of ‘Batho’ that he presented and admitted his mistake. He showed to emphasize the importance of biopsy prior to this type of surgery.

'...Mallika Home was adjudged the 'Best Home in the Western Province' by the National Secretariat for Elders in 2003. Renovated in 2004 with the assistance of a generous bequest from the Nora & Noel Bartholomeusz Fund, the original building still retains it's old world charm'.
http://mallikahomes.org/elders.shtml

A comment on my book ‘The Cry of the Devil Bird’ by Dr. Miachael Abheyaratne, who was SHO to ‘Batho’.

Dear Philip,

Thank you for so promptly sending me your new book.I read it through at one sitting and was fascinated.I was of course some years your senior though I did have contact with Kappagoda and Karaliadde and Dayasiri. My career track followed very much on yours and I had the great pleasure of working with Dr Bartholomeusz both as interne and as SHO. I was happy to hear that you cleaned out the floor cases section and replaced it with an HDU. I was also very impressed with your teaching methods; I am sure the great man would have been very appreciative of one of his sucessors.

Best regards

Michael Abeyaratne.(25/7/2010)

Part of a letter from Ms.Anne Ranasinghe commenting on my first book ‘Remembered Vignettes’:-

Noel Crusz: In a Sri Lankan hospital in Colombo some years ago, I was setting up my camera and lights to film a major surgical operation. It was for a brilliant Fellow of the Royal College of Surgeons, London. His name was Noel Bartholomews.

'Sorry', he said, as he walked late into the theatre, 'I was on dialysis at home.' Through the years he had lost normal kidney functions. Now he was to begin a five hour operation on the jaw of a young man.

Click on each of the web-links below:-

http://www.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~lkawgw/gen1037.html

http://www.sundayobserver.lk/2007/03/18/fea09.asp

http://archives.dailynews.lk/2005/04/25/fea04.htm

http://www.sundaytimes.lk/020106/letm.html

http://www.sundayobserver.lk/2004/09/26/fea01.html

http://www.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~lkawgw/bartho.html

Dr. DF de S Gunawardena - Consultant Surgeon
'DFDS' as he was affectionately known was always dressed in white satin drill suit and tie of sober colors. He drove a Mercedes Benz and his male ward was on the ground floor (Ward No 1 of the 1960s). His female ward was ward 5 and was managed by a Sister who was a stickler for cleanliness. I was his intern in 1960. There was a Senior House Officer Dr. Malik Vitharana who had completed his Primary FRCS and there was myself the only intern. 'DFDS' was soft-spoken due to some problem in his larynx after a surgery it was rumored. The students who had to get close to him to hear what he commented that they went to do his surgical appointment to learn 'The secrets of surgery'. On a New Year day the medical students doing his 'clerking' had entered the Operating Theater late. DFDS had said something to them looking from behind the surgical mask he was wearing inside the theater The students thought that he was wishing them a happy new year and replied 'Wish you the same Sir'. A louder reply by DFDS was much clearer this time. It was 'You are late, get out'. It was a sad beginning for a New Year for the students. DFDS had a son who was in our medical batch of the 1960 entrants.

Dr. Drogo Austin Consultant Surgeon

GENEALOGY OF THE FAMILY OF AUSTIN

, OF CEYLON

(Compiled by Mr. F. H. de Vos in. 1914; revised by

Mr.-D, V- AUsndorffin 1958).

Nathaniel Austin of the 3rd Ceylon Regiment, Deputy Assistant

Commissary General, Galle, born 26th March 1785, died at Galle, 7th

June 1853, married in St. Peter's Church, Fort, Colombo, 80th July 1807,

Sophia Frederica Wilhelmina Calesky, born 6th February 1794, died 1862,

daughter of Friedrich Wilhelm Calesky of Grandzee (Branderburg) and

Elizabeth Rodriguez, widow of Jan Harmensz of Amsterdam. (D.B.U.

Journal, Vol. XXXVII, page 68). He had by her—

1 William, who follows under II.

2 Nathaniel Adrian, who follows under I I I,

3 George, born 11th December 1811, baptised at St. Peter's

Church, Fort, Colombo, 25th December 1811.

I I

William Austin, born 12th May 1808, baptised atNigel Drogo Cameron, horn 2nd April .1946. ;V':0;;

http://www.dutchburgherunion.org/journals/vol_41_50/JDBU%20Vol%2043%20No%201%20-%201953(1).pdf

Lester Drogo Cameron Austin, L.M.S.' (Ceylon), F.R.C.S., (Eng.),

|pvil Medical Department, born 17th. October 1910, married in the Dutch

Reformed Church, Bambalapitiya, 6th.June 1935, Alice Eleanor Loos, ■

pmi 18th September 1912, daughter of Guy ;Errol Loos, District Engi-

IIJ^V Public 'Works Department, and Eleanor Lucretia de Hoedt.

^•B.Tj, Journal, Vol. XXXIX, page. 117)1 ' H e had by her—

1. Carole Myrna born 18.3.1937. Married on 19.2.1955 Naomal Sucil Dias

born 17.2.1934, son of Cecil Dias and Monica de Soysa.

2. Jeanette Ethel born 30.3.1941. Married on 4.4.1959 at St. Andrews

Scots Kirk, Colombo, George Arthur Richard Arndt born 22.10.1929

son of Dr. George Herbert Arndt and Verena Laura Corrinne Ephraums

3. Nigel Drogo Cameron born 2.4.1946 Married on 15.12.1971 Dawn

Shalini Chanmugam .

Dr.Austin, was a stickler for discipline and protocol. Ward rounds would start in time. The Surgeon would lead, the ward Sister would follow and the house officers in order of protocol. Woe to the person who stepped out of line. On one occasion while waiting for the lift to take everyone to the ward upstairs, a medical student jumped the gun and walked in preceding everyone waiting. Dr. Austin grabbed the miscreant by the collar and while chucking him outside the lift exclaimed ‘Senioris prioris’. Dr. Mark Amarasinghe who trained with him told me that if he made a false move while assisting at surgical operations he would get a rap on the knuckles. Dr. Austin had an ‘Austin Gypsy’ and a caravan to go on his jungle trips. Later he bought an orange colored ‘Peaugeot 404’. Dr Singaratnam related to me how after a trip to Chilaw Hospital for a Clinical meeting Dr.Austin found himself locked out of his car with the key inside. Dr. Singaratnam used his old ‘Morris Minor’ key and opened it to a grateful Dr. Austin.

There is a ‘Drogo Austin Gold Medal for Orthopaedics’ awarded at the Medical Faculty Colombo.

Diversions of a Diplomat – Philip Crowe -

http://www.archive.org/stream/diversionsofadip007986mbp/diversionsofadip007986mbp_djvu.txt

The following are some references to Dr. Austin in the above book.

..’One chooses carefully companions for a trip like this,

for the success of the venture as a whole could easily be

wrecked by the fears or tempers of any one member of the

expedition. My original plan was to take ten men with

me, in addition to the crew and cook, but three of those

invited had to drop out. The following seven made the

journey : James Espy, Counsellor of the American Em-

bassy and a good man to have along any time for any pur-

pose ; Paul Deraniyagala, Director of the Ceylon National

Museums and a well-known authority on the Island's fauna

and flora ; Dr. Drogo Austin, leading surgeon of Colombo ;

Colonel Christie Jayawardana, Camp Chief of the Ceylon

Boy Scouts and A.D.C. to Her Majesty the Queen ; Mr.

Charles Cruickshank, United Kingdom Trade Commis-

sioner in Ceylon and my companion on a journey to the

little-known Maldive Islands ; T. L. Green, Professor of

Education at the University of Ceylon ; and Dr. Chandra

Gooneratne, Director of Films for the United States

Information Service in Ceylon…’

…’Soon after we passed the hawk eagle, Drogo Austin,

who was sitting next to me in the adjoining canoe, gave a

shout to the effect that he had dropped the telephoto lens

of his camera overboard. The river at that point was

narrow and fast but fortunately only about waist deep.

Tom Green had the presence of mind to note where the

lens had dropped. He intimated that this quick reaction

was due to his early poaching experiences in England when,

occasionally, he had to dump his shotgun overboard. The

canoes were stopped and, while two boatmen held them

against the current, the rest of us plunged in and, forming

a line, waded over the area. Christie, the last one to join

the line and the most dubious about its success, promptly

found the lens. Trust the Boy Scouts to make the miracle

rescue of the year !’

…’Drogo and Christie

were busy shooting pigeons for supper and Chandra and

Tom were supervising the pitching of our tents for the

night. The elephant party, therefore, consisted of Charlie,

armed with a Leica camera, Paul with a pair of binoculars,

Jim with a shotgun and me with the -405 Winchester.’

…’Aided and abetted by Drogo, John produced a

savoury mess consisting of chop suey, fried Bombay onions,

fried bacon, shredded cabbage, boiled rice, two tins of

mushroom soup, one tin of tomato soup and pre-cooked

bully beef.’

…’Dr. Drogo Austin, a leading surgeon of Colombo and

owner of a pack of beagles himself, also showed up with

his family for the day's sport, and by the time the stars

were beginning to pale, we left the plantation and headed

for a big stretch of jungle about ten miles away.’

Dr. K G Jayasekara Consultant Surgeon
Dr. Jayasekara was technically superb as a surgeon. He had an unbroken success with 5 porto-caval anastomosis for portal hypertension in the early 1960. A Resident Surgeon who acted for him while he was away on leave did a similar case and the patient died post-operative. Dr. Jayasekara was livid at the break of his record in his unit.

Dr. Niles Consultant Surgeon

Dr.Niles was another person who used to talk with flamboyance. He was talking about the progress of an aneurysm of the ascending aorta in a ward class for medical students. He narrated:-

“ The aneurysm of the ascending aorta starts getting bigger. It presses on all the surrounding structures. It causes pressure necrosis and erodes through them. Thus it erodes through the body of the sternum. It will erode through the skin in front of this area. It will also erode through the “Hentley Gold Label” shirt that the, patient is wearing. Then the patient will collapse and die.” Hentley Gold label” was the acme of middle class read- made shirts in Ceyon, in the early 1960’s.

Once when doing a ward round he addressed a patient and asked what was wrong with him. The patient answered “Moothra wala seeni thiyanawa”- (There is sugar in my urine). He gave the necessary instructions and went to the next patient. He repeated the question to him. The answer was “Moothra wala piti thiyanawa”.-(There is flour in my urine i.e. his urine was turbid). Like a flash Niles told both patients –“Umbala denna ekathuwela, bakeriak dapalla” - (Both of you get together and open a bakery). The understanding being that both can produce the flour and sugar needed as raw materials for the bakery.

‘I remember an incident while clerking with Dr. Niles. He always presented himself well dressed in starched cream colored suites, and was well spoken. During one of his morning rounds, with my colleagues and I trailing behind him, he went up to the patient listed for Hernia operation the following day and explained to him the surgical process. He explained that the surgery involved would include ‘’kappanawa’’ , ‘’pallanawa’’(cutting). ‘’thallanawa’’ (pounding), much to the flabbergasted patient’s horror. Needless to say the following morning he found that the patient was missing from his bed, as obviously he had bolted.

Regards

Sadiq

Friday, October 4, 2013

Part 3 - The early 1960's. Some milestones in the history of the Colombo Medical School - Part 3 , The early 1960's - by Dr.Philip G Veerasiungam

Remembered faces.

Prof. OER Abheyratne

Prof. Waas – Anatomy
1960 – 1967.

Prof. Lester Jayawardena, Anatomy. 1968 – 1975.

Prof. A A Hoover – Biochemistry
1948 –

Prof. GH Cooray OBE – Pathology
1953 – 1970

Prof HVJ Fernando – Forensic Medicine
1959 - 1985

Prof. Sivalingam – Parasitology
1956 – 1964

Prof DA Ranasinghe – Obs&Gyn.
1962 – 1974

Prof. A Sinnathamby – Obs & Gyn. 1955 – 1965.

Prof. T Viswanathan – Obs & Gyn.
1951 – 1986

Prof Milroy Paul – Surgery.
1937 – 1965

Prof CC De Silva – Paediatrics.
1946 – 1966.

Prof Senaka Bibile

http://www.experiencefestival.com/a/Seneka_Bibile_-_Biography/id/5454015

http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seneka_Bibile

http://pages.rediff.com/seneka-bibile/425992

Prof WD Lionel

Tuesday, October 1, 2013

Part 2 - The Growing years. Some milestones in the history of the Colombo Medical School - Part 2 , The growing years - by Dr.Philip G Veerasiungam

The story of the Colombo Medical School

K. Andree – First Lecturer in Anatomy.

Professor Gordon Smith – Anatomy
1927 - 1929

Dr. W.C. Osman Hill,
Professor Anatomy 1930 - 1944

British anatomist, primatologist, and a leading authority on primate anatomy during the 20th century.

He is best known for his nearly completed eight-volume series, Primates: Comparative Anatomy and Taxonomy, which covered all living and extinct primates known at the time in full detail and contained illustrations created by his wife, Yvonne.

Next to the (St. Bridget's)convent was “Hurst Green” the home of Professor W.S.Osman Hill. He had a menagerie of apes and monkeys in cages around his home, which attracted the attention of passers by. The house was demolished in the nineteen fifties and in its place stands several modern houses

Prof George Wickremasuriya – First Prof. in Obs & Gyn.

Sir Nicholas Attygalle KBE, MRCOG, FRCS– Professor Obs & Gyn, 1944 – 1953.

Educated initially at St. Luke’s school in Ratnapura, and then at Royal College, Colombo.

He entered the Medical College in 1913, and completed LMS in 1919 obtaining a first class in the Final Examination as well as coming first in the batch

His early days as a doctor were spent working in the provinces leading the fight against ‘yaws’.

In February 1925 he married Conyta Attygalle, who was the granddaughter of John Attygalle, one of the first Western qualified doctors among the Sinhalese. Conyta and Dr. Nicholas were blessed with two children Lakshman and Anula.

From 1925 to 1929, Dr. Nicholas trained in the United Kingdom, and returned to Ceylon, with MRCS, LRCP (Lond), DLO (Lond) and FRCS.

His attempt to secure a post as ENT Surgeon, GH Colombo was not acceeded to by the Department of Health.
He was posted as the District Medical Officer, Nawalapitiya.
Demonstrator in Anatomy at the Colombo Medical School in 1931

He was selected to be trained as the Gynaecologist of the General Hospital, pending the retirement of Dr. Lucian De Zilva.

Dr. Nicholas was the first Ceylonese to obtain MRCOG (Gr Britain).

From Great Britain he proceeded to Vienna, as it was the practice then and followed a course in Gynaecological Pathology and Physiology where he also studied operative techniques in Gynecology.

He qualified to be enrolled as a member of the Austrian Medical Association.

On his return he succeeded Dr. Lucian De Zilva as the Gynecologist of the General Hospital in 1935.

1. Among his close associates who made a significant contribution to Medicine are those such as Prof. F. J. Browne of the University College Hospital.

2. Mr. Gwillim had a special link with Ceylon. Mr. Gwillim’s early education was at Wesley College, as his father worked for the Ceylon Railway. He returned as an examiner at MBBS and MOG examinations and also introduced vaginal hysterectomy to the University Ward headed by Prof. Attygalle.

3. Dr. Samson Wright was a great Physiologist whose text book on Applied Physiology was very popular.

4. Sir Johnson was the President of the Royal College of Surgeons and was the Surgeon to the Royal family.

5. Mr.McNeil Love co-authored ‘Baily & Love’s Text-book of Surgery’- dubbed the ‘Yellow peril’ by some.

Dr. Nicholas Attygalle was appointed Professor and Head of the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ceylon in 1944.

He succeeded Prof. W. A. E. Karunaratne as the Dean of the Faculty in 1945 and held the post with distinction until 1953.

He succeeded Sir Ivor Jennings as the first Ceylonese Vice Chancellor in 1955 and held this post until 1966.

In 1952, he was appointed to the Senate.

Was made its President in 1953.

In 1953, her Majesty the Queen honored him by making him a Knight Bachelor of the Empire.

Educated initially at St. Luke’s school in Ratnapura, and then at Royal College, Colombo.

He entered the Medical College in 1913, and completed LMS in 1919 obtaining a first class in the Final Examination as well as coming first in the batch

His early days as a doctor were spent working in the provinces leading the fight against ‘yaws’.

From 1925 to 1929, Dr. Nicholas trained in the United Kingdom, and returned to Ceylon, with MRCS, LRCP (Lond), DLO (Lond) and FRCS.

District Medical Officer, Nawalapitiya,
Demonstrator in Anatomy at the Colombo Medical School in 1931